In 1919, eight members of the Chicago White Sox baseball team conspired with gambler Arnold Rothstein to throw the World Series to the obvious underdog, the Cincinnati Reds. The players were paid several thousand dollars each, the fraud was discovered, and even though a jury found them not guilty, the eight were barred from baseball for life by the game's newly created commissioner. The incident led to the nickname, "Black Sox" and to a well-publicized expression disbelief. Leaving the courtroom, star fielder "Shoeless Joe" Jackson was confronted by a young fan who demanded tearfull, "Say it ain't so, Joe."